Explores the turbulent changes in Israel party politics since the mid-1960s.

Behind the faccedil;ade of Gemuuml;tlichkeit can Austrians ever admit to themselves the extent to which they collaborated with Nazi Germany and became party to the Holocaust? So much has been written about post-war Germany, but what about Hitler's other willing executioners? Since 1945 Austria has succeeded in presenting an image of itself as a comfortable middle class society at the center of Europe, whose recent past, though awkward, was not shaming. Hella Pick explores Austria's search for a foolproof, internationally credible identity for itself after the Nazi era. She shows how the old ghosts will not go away.

The relationship between the US and the People's Republic of China was the defining factor in the Cold War in Asia--the potentially explosive conflict which, as seen in the Korean War, brought the world to the brink of nuclear disaster. The PRC had not become "Titoist" as some hoped and remained firmly within the Soviet international orbit. But how did Great Britain and the Republic of China fit into this potentially lethal global jigsaw? Steve Tsang has illuminated the history of a seemingly obscure corner of international relations and politics but which was, to contemporaries, at the heart of global survival.

The United States in recent years has been abandoning its historical role as a leader in environmental regulation. At the same time, the European Union, spurred by political integration, has enacted many new environmental laws and assumed a leadership role in promoting global environmental sustainability. Green Giants?, one of the most detailed comparisons of the environmental policies of America and Europe yet undertaken, looks at current policy trends in the United States and the European Union -- the two largest economic actors in the world -- and the implications they have for future transatlantic and global cooperation. The contributors -- leading European and American scholars and practitioners -- examine similarities and differences in specific policy areas in order to assess whether United States and European Union policies are diverging, pursuing similar goals and methods, or undergoing a "hybridization" through joint learning and exchanges. They find that although European and American policies may parallel each other somewhat in domestic regulation, they are clearly diverging in the "third generation" of environmental concerns, which include such global problems as climate change, international trade, and sustainable development. In the final chapter the editors conclude that transatlantic dialogue and cooperation at the highest level are necessary if these two economic and political giants are to lead the international community toward a stable and secure ecological future.

Using recently declassified U.S. State Department archives, Mohammad Gholi Majd describes the rampant tyranny and destruction of Iran in the decades between the two world wars in a sensational yet thoroughly scholarly study that will rewrite the political and economic history of the country. The book begins with the British invasion of Iran in April 1918 and ends with the Anglo-Russian invasion in August 1941. Though historians are aware of the events that ensued, until now they have had no written evidence of the dreadful magnitude of the activities. Majd documents how the British brought to power an obscure and semi-illiterate military officer, Reza Khan, who was made shah in 1925. Thereafter, Majd shows, Iran was subjected to a level of brutality not seen for centuries. He also documents the financial plunder of the country during the period: records show that Reza Shah looted the bulk of Iran's oil revenues on the pretext of buying arms, amassing at least $100 million in his London bank accounts and huge sums in New York and Switzerland. Not ven Iran's ancient crown jewels were spared. In contrast to incomplete and unreliable British records for the period, the recently declassified archives and bank records that Majd uses encompass a wide range of political, social, military, and economic matters. A work with immense implications, this book will correct the myth in Iranian history that the period 1921-41 was one of unqualified progress and reform.

In the late 1950s, against the unfolding backdrop of the Cold War, American and European leaders began working to reshape Western Europe. They sought to adapt the region to a changing world in which European empires were rapidly disintegrating, Soviet influence was spreading, and the United States could no longer shoulder the entire political and economic burden of the West yet hesitated to share it with Europe. Focusing on the four largest Atlantic powers--Britain, France, Germany, and the United States--Jeffrey Giauque explores these early stages of European integration. Giauque uses evidence from newly opened international archives to show how a mix of cooperation and collaboration shaped efforts to unify postwar Europe. He examines the "grand designs" each country developed to advance its own interests, specific plans for collaboration or accord, and the reactions of the other Atlantic powers to these proposals. Competing national interests not only derailed many otherwise sound plans for European unity, Giauque says, but also influenced such nascent European institutions as the Common Market, the antecedent of today's European Union. Indeed, beyond examining the origins of the European community, this comparative study provides insight into national attitudes and aspirations that continue to shape European and American policies today.

Most books on genocide consider it primarily as a twentieth century phenomenon. In The Rise of the West and the Coming of Genocide, Mark Levene argues that this approach fails to grasp its true origins. Genocide developed out of modernity and the striving for the nation-state, both essentially Western experiences. It was European expansion into all hemispheres between the fifteenth and nineteenth centuries that provided the main stimulus to its pre-1914 manifestations.One critical outcome, on the cusp of modernity, was the French revolutionary destruction of the Vendee. Levene finishes this volume at the 1914 watershed with the destabilising effects of the 'rise of the West' on older Ottoman, Chinese, Russian and Austrian empires, with devastating consequences for peoples such as the Armenians, and the East European Jews. The Rise of the West and the Coming of Genocide is the second volume in Levene's sweeping four-volume survey, Genocide in the Age of the Nation State.

Any policies concerned with the future of nuclear power must funnel through the price at which nuclear power will enter the marketplace, if nuclear power is to be viable. The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), as the price at the busbar needed to cover the operating plus annualized capital costs of nuclear power, must be competitive with prices of other baseload electricity. Part One attempts to develop the most reliable estimates possible of the future busbar cost of nuclear electricity. A starting point is estimates of nuclear generator costs from previous studies. These estimates for the United States are reviewed in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 is a parallel international review. In light of the importance of capital costs and the role they have played in contributing to differences in LCOE estimates, Chapter 3 is devoted to the anatomy of the estimation of capital costs. An aim is to narrow the range of uncertainty in estimates of future capital costs. Chapter 4 proceeds to another major reason for uncertainty about nuclear costs, which is learning from experience in constructing facilities. Drawing on analyses of earlier nuclear experience and innovations in manufacturing more generally, estimates are developed of the extent to which costs can be expected to fall between the building of the first and nth plants of a given technology. Chapter 5 develops the financial model used in this study to evaluate the prospects for nuclear power. The complications of the tax system and of private sector financing as influenced by risk are introduced. No-policy estimates of nuclear LCOEs are estimated to set the stage for the later policy analysis.

An alternative and unorthodox view of the colonization of the Americas by Europeans is offered in this concise history. Eurocentric studies of the conquest of the Americas present colonization as a civilizing force for good, and the native populations as primitive or worse. Colonization is seen as a mutually beneficial process, in which "civilization” was brought to the natives who in return shared their land and cultures. The opposing historical camp views colonization as a form of genocide in which the native populations were passive victims overwhelmed by European military power. In this fresh examination, an activist and historian of native descent argues that the colonial powers met resistance from the indigenous inhabitants and that these confrontations shaped the forms and extent of colonialism. This account encompasses North and South America, the development of nation-states, and the resurgence of indigenous resistance in the post-World War II era.

This volume describes the birth (with all the birth defects) of the notion of fairness in the US. The extent of the author's research is quite breathtaking: not only does he delve into an infinite series of official and semi-official documents, but he also looks at case law, opinions expressed in the literature etc., to come up with an expression of (US) fairness that does not suffer from selection bias. But this is only half what the author has accomplished through his work. He goes on to examine how US fairness has been exported to international institutions (such as the GATT/WTO regime) and demonstrates how, once discussed and shaped among all trading partners, it has come back to the US in a different form. The book thus provides both the "inside out" and the "outside in" perspective. It will prove invaluable for the political scientist, the economic historian and the lawyer alike.' - Petros C. Mavroidis, Edwin B. Parker Professor of Law, Columbia Law School, US and University of Neuchatel, Switzerland & CEPR.

Because of developments in powerful computer technology, computational techniques, advances in a wide spectrum of diverse technologies, and other advances coupled with cross disciplinary pursuits between technology and its greatly significant applied implications in human body processes, the field of biomechanics is evolving as a broadly significant area. Now in four volumes, Biomechanical Systems, Techniques, and Applications explores the many areas of significant advances, including dynamics of musculo-skeletal systems; mechanics of hard and soft tissues, muscles, bone remodeling, hard and soft tissue interfaces, blood flow, air flow, flow-prosthesis interfaces, and impact; cardiovascular and respiratory biomechanics; and dynamics of many machine interactions.

This completely revised second edition presents an introduction to statistical pattern recognition. Pattern recognition in general covers a wide range of problems: it is applied to engineering problems, such as character readers and wave form analysis as well as to brain modeling in biology and psychology. Statistical decision and estimation, which are the main subjects of this book, are regarded as fundamental to the study of pattern recognition. This book is appropriate as a text for introductory courses in pattern recognition and as a reference book for workers in the field. Each chapter contains computer projects as well as exercises.

Addressing questions such as, how should historians treat the earlier pasts of each country and the nationalism that guided the nation-building tasks, this book tries to put them not only in the perspective of Southeast Asian developments of the past five decades, but also the larger areas of historiography.

This book presents some of the more important methods that have constituted the backbone of the gOcad project from its early days to the present.